1 thought on “Basic concepts of gems and jewelry processing”
Miriam
I. The concept of gem processing and its technical characteristics 1. The concept of gem processing Gewor processing is the actual operation process to realize gem design. Specifically, it refers to the actual operation process of crafts that use a certain means and equipment to properly ponder the raw stones of gemstones into exquisite aesthetic and commercial value crafts. The gemstone crystals in nature are unique, good symmetrical, and beautiful in appearance. You can directly decorate without manual consideration. However, most gemstones must be pondered in order to maximize their inner beauty. For translucent and opaque gems, processing can make the surface reflected on the surface more light and look brighter; while the beautiful color of transparent gemstones and flashing "fire" color not only depends on the polishing on the surface of the gemstone. Bad, and it has a lot to do with internal reflex and refracted light. Therefore, the purpose of gem processing is to use various technical means and process measures to transform the shape, size, surface ratio, symmetry relationship and surface quality of the raw materials to enhance the beauty of the gemstone. 2. The characteristics of the gem processing process The gem processing is done by pondering. The required small pieces should also leave a certain amount of processing waste for the subsequent process. "Grinding" means grinding, including inverted edges, circles, rough grinding, fine grinding and polishing. The characteristics of gem processing are as follows: (1) Handicrafts of gem processing: Due to the different characteristics of gemstone rough, it is difficult to process the same product in large quantities. Especially for mid -to -high -end gems, the weight and shape of the finished product are largely determined by the size, form and other physical optical properties of the rough stone, so manual operation is very important. (2) The processing technology of different gem types is different: Due to the different types of gemstones, the differences in nature, quality and value are different, and the processing methods are different. Different from abrasives. It can generally be divided into diamond processing technology (dedicated to diamond thought), gem processing technology, jade carving technology and pearl processing technology. (3) Different styling, different process requirements: The processing of gems must accurately reflect the processing design plan of gemstone rough, and maximize the inner beauty of the gemstone. The same type of gemstone uses different shapes, and the process requirements are different. For example, the processing of aspect -type gemstones must be used as a face -to -face processing process. The beaded gems must be beaded processing process. . The concept and processing method of jewelry processing 1. The concept of jewelry processing The first decoration refers to the jewelry used on the head (wearing on the head). Now it refers to a variety of metal materials or treasure jade materials, as a decoration of human decoration or decorative effects with clothing. The jewelry processing is the process of making various materials used for jewelry processing according to design requirements and transforming into finished jewelry finished products. 2. Jewelry processing method The method of decoration processing is mainly to summarize, namely: hand -made method, stamping method, and casting method. (1) Hand -creation method: hand -made method is the most primitive method in jewelry processing and the most basic processing steps. Whether it is stamping method (forging method) or casting method, it must be used as a hand -made jewelry as a jewelry as a jewelry as a jewelry as a jewelry. Mold. This Materials are generally gold, silver, copper, etc. According to the needs of the drawings, these materials are made into slices, strips and wires, and they are called crusher, pressure strips, and silk. Follow the principle of simplifying the simplification of the jewelry during processing, and then make all parts of the jewelry; then they combine them (billet) on the rubber mud and welded them; finally repair (planting mold), stones, polishing, and cleaning. This style of hand -made jewelry is exquisite in workmanship and changing style. The finished product is generally the only one, which can meet personalized pursuit; Essence (2) stamping method (forging method): The stamping method is actually a steel mold forging method. Its processing process is to first make the manufactured jewelry style into steel mold, then fix it on the punching machine, and then spread the metal plate for making jewelry on a fixed mold, put it down the cut metal blank into the cut metal blank into The drum -type ball mill is polished, and the necessary repair of the deformation jewelry after polishing is followed. The mechanical forging technology of stamping French, strong impulse, high pressure, suitable for large -scale processing of alloy jewelry with greater hardness, but not suitable for valuable metals such as gold and silver, and jewelry inlaid with jewelry inlaid and jewelry inlaid. Be applicable. (3) Casting method (wax losing casting method): The waxing casting method is currently the most popular and universal precious metal jewelry inlaid method, which can be divided into the following steps: 1) Starting edition: Use hand -made methods to make silver, copper and other materials into jewelry original (version of the version). 2) Pressing rubber: Place the original shape of the jewelry in raw rubber films, plug it into a pre -selected aluminum frame, use the mold pressure machine to suppress the molding, then cut the rubber with the scalpel, remove the original shape of the jewelry, and in the rubber in the rubber, in the rubber The original mold is left, which is called a rubber mold. 3) Wax injection: Use a vacuum wax injection machine to inject the melting paraffin into the glue mold. After cooling and hardening, take it out carefully from the wax mold glyphosium (can also be used to make wax molds with sculpting method). 4) Lost wax gypsum mold: welded a batch of jewelry wax molds together to form a wax tree, placed in a steel container, filled with gypsum pulp, solidified the gypsum, and then passed through steamed wax to form formed Gypsum mold. 5) Melving gold casting: Pour the melting metal liquid into the gypsum mold by the casting machine (vacuum casting machine or centrifugal casting machine), and after cooling, it is made into jewelry rough. 6) Later treatment: Including refined repair (repairing molds), stones, polishing and cleaning, type printing, sandblasting, sandblasting, sandblasting, sandblasting, sandblasting, and sandblasting after casting process. 3. Jewelry processing technology The processing process of jewelry can be divided into 4 types: filament technology, solid inlay process, surface treatment process, and inlay process. (1) Flowing technology: Filament craftsmanship is a craft with metal shape, that is, using different models (thickness) gold or silver to pull into wire or line (gold or silver silk, etc.) The process of making items or crafts through the process of disk, 堆, pile, tiredness, filling, and other processes. Flower crafts have been brilliant in history, but because of their own solidity, low smoothness, many gaps, and not easy to clean, it is rare in the domestic market. (2) Real inlaid process: The process of making jewelry with sawing, hammer, 锉, pliers and other means is called solid inlay process. The jewelry produced with solid inlaid process is good, bright, clear, clear and smooth, rich in three -dimensional levels, and obvious decorative effects. At present, the starting craftsmanship and hand -creation process in my country's popular wax casting technology are all inlaid. (3) Surface treatment process: After the jewelry is made, the surface of the jewelry is processed to make it more beautiful. The method of surface treatment is currently: 1) Electroplating process: The electroplating process is to put the jewelry to put the jewelry In the plating solution, under the condition of power, cover the plated jewelry surface with a layer of metal to be plated, such as gold, silver, crickets, nickel, nickel, and copper. The plated jewelry can be metal or non -metal, and the color of the coating metal can also be one or more. When the coating is several different colors, we call this coating as a flower plating. 2) Bao gold and gold technology: The golden foil of gold is a very thin gold foil, using high temperature and certain pressure to wrap the gold foil to the accessories on the jewelry. Gold is also known as mercury mixing method. The golden technology is the characteristics of soluble gold or silver and mercury in a certain proportion of gold or silver to liquid (commonly referred to as gold mud), and applied to the surface of cheap metal, ceramics or other non -metal products surfaces with a certain proportion At a certain temperature, mercury is evaporated by the process of gold or silver attached to the surface of the product. 3) 、 、, grabbing, car flower technology: The flower craftsmanship is a craft of various types of patterns on the jewelry with a variety of knife -shaped knife under the hammer of the small hammer. The flower grabbing process is a process of carving the shade pattern on the jewelry with the shape of various knife -mouth shapes. This flower technology is also called milling and flower milling process. It is a process that uses a car knife to get on the jewelry. 4) Polating, silk light, sandblasting process: The polishing process is a process of polishing the jewelry with polishing machine to polish the jewelry, which fully shows the unique gloss and brightness of the jewelry, and increases the texture. The light process (also known as sand technology) is a method that uses copper wire wheels (or nickel wire wheels) to treat the surface of the jewelry as silk. The sandblasting process is the method of using the sandblast to spray the surface of the jewelry surface into sand surface after polishing the jewelry. (4) Inlaid process: The inlay process is actually inlaid in one jewelry material in one jewelry material. Here, it is mainly inlaid in the jewelry's metal materials or its imitation products. For the jewelry of gemstones, all craftsmanship must focus on the theme of highlighting gemstones. The commonly used inlaid methods for the firm connection between metals and gems are claw set, edging inlaid, forced inlaid, nail inlaid, mixed inlaid, etc. The claws are suitable for face -to -face gems with large granules. This inlay method is hollowless, obvious, small, small, and convenient processing. Claws include two claws, three claws, four claws and six claws. The packet inlaid is suitable for inlaid with convex gemstones or casual stones. It is divided into full packs and semi -packets. The grabbing stone is firm, but the packet inlaid requires the stone shape and the inlaid mouth very close, and it is difficult to modify it. Forced inlaid and nail inlays are mainly used for small gemstones, forced inlaid inlaids for small square stone, while nail inlaid is mainly used for small round stones, including horse -eyed inlays, plum blossoms, plum blossoms, plum blossoms Nail inlaid, etc. The combination of different inlaid methods on one piece of jewelry is called mixed inlaid.
I. The concept of gem processing and its technical characteristics
1. The concept of gem processing
Gewor processing is the actual operation process to realize gem design. Specifically, it refers to the actual operation process of crafts that use a certain means and equipment to properly ponder the raw stones of gemstones into exquisite aesthetic and commercial value crafts.
The gemstone crystals in nature are unique, good symmetrical, and beautiful in appearance. You can directly decorate without manual consideration. However, most gemstones must be pondered in order to maximize their inner beauty. For translucent and opaque gems, processing can make the surface reflected on the surface more light and look brighter; while the beautiful color of transparent gemstones and flashing "fire" color not only depends on the polishing on the surface of the gemstone. Bad, and it has a lot to do with internal reflex and refracted light. Therefore, the purpose of gem processing is to use various technical means and process measures to transform the shape, size, surface ratio, symmetry relationship and surface quality of the raw materials to enhance the beauty of the gemstone.
2. The characteristics of the gem processing process
The gem processing is done by pondering. The required small pieces should also leave a certain amount of processing waste for the subsequent process. "Grinding" means grinding, including inverted edges, circles, rough grinding, fine grinding and polishing. The characteristics of gem processing are as follows:
(1) Handicrafts of gem processing: Due to the different characteristics of gemstone rough, it is difficult to process the same product in large quantities. Especially for mid -to -high -end gems, the weight and shape of the finished product are largely determined by the size, form and other physical optical properties of the rough stone, so manual operation is very important.
(2) The processing technology of different gem types is different: Due to the different types of gemstones, the differences in nature, quality and value are different, and the processing methods are different. Different from abrasives. It can generally be divided into diamond processing technology (dedicated to diamond thought), gem processing technology, jade carving technology and pearl processing technology.
(3) Different styling, different process requirements: The processing of gems must accurately reflect the processing design plan of gemstone rough, and maximize the inner beauty of the gemstone. The same type of gemstone uses different shapes, and the process requirements are different. For example, the processing of aspect -type gemstones must be used as a face -to -face processing process. The beaded gems must be beaded processing process.
. The concept and processing method of jewelry processing
1. The concept of jewelry processing
The first decoration refers to the jewelry used on the head (wearing on the head). Now it refers to a variety of metal materials or treasure jade materials, as a decoration of human decoration or decorative effects with clothing.
The jewelry processing is the process of making various materials used for jewelry processing according to design requirements and transforming into finished jewelry finished products.
2. Jewelry processing method
The method of decoration processing is mainly to summarize, namely: hand -made method, stamping method, and casting method.
(1) Hand -creation method: hand -made method is the most primitive method in jewelry processing and the most basic processing steps. Whether it is stamping method (forging method) or casting method, it must be used as a hand -made jewelry as a jewelry as a jewelry as a jewelry as a jewelry. Mold.
This Materials are generally gold, silver, copper, etc. According to the needs of the drawings, these materials are made into slices, strips and wires, and they are called crusher, pressure strips, and silk. Follow the principle of simplifying the simplification of the jewelry during processing, and then make all parts of the jewelry; then they combine them (billet) on the rubber mud and welded them; finally repair (planting mold), stones, polishing, and cleaning.
This style of hand -made jewelry is exquisite in workmanship and changing style. The finished product is generally the only one, which can meet personalized pursuit; Essence
(2) stamping method (forging method): The stamping method is actually a steel mold forging method. Its processing process is to first make the manufactured jewelry style into steel mold, then fix it on the punching machine, and then spread the metal plate for making jewelry on a fixed mold, put it down the cut metal blank into the cut metal blank into The drum -type ball mill is polished, and the necessary repair of the deformation jewelry after polishing is followed.
The mechanical forging technology of stamping French, strong impulse, high pressure, suitable for large -scale processing of alloy jewelry with greater hardness, but not suitable for valuable metals such as gold and silver, and jewelry inlaid with jewelry inlaid and jewelry inlaid. Be applicable.
(3) Casting method (wax losing casting method): The waxing casting method is currently the most popular and universal precious metal jewelry inlaid method, which can be divided into the following steps:
1) Starting edition: Use hand -made methods to make silver, copper and other materials into jewelry original (version of the version).
2) Pressing rubber: Place the original shape of the jewelry in raw rubber films, plug it into a pre -selected aluminum frame, use the mold pressure machine to suppress the molding, then cut the rubber with the scalpel, remove the original shape of the jewelry, and in the rubber in the rubber, in the rubber The original mold is left, which is called a rubber mold.
3) Wax injection: Use a vacuum wax injection machine to inject the melting paraffin into the glue mold. After cooling and hardening, take it out carefully from the wax mold glyphosium (can also be used to make wax molds with sculpting method).
4) Lost wax gypsum mold: welded a batch of jewelry wax molds together to form a wax tree, placed in a steel container, filled with gypsum pulp, solidified the gypsum, and then passed through steamed wax to form formed Gypsum mold.
5) Melving gold casting: Pour the melting metal liquid into the gypsum mold by the casting machine (vacuum casting machine or centrifugal casting machine), and after cooling, it is made into jewelry rough.
6) Later treatment: Including refined repair (repairing molds), stones, polishing and cleaning, type printing, sandblasting, sandblasting, sandblasting, sandblasting, sandblasting, and sandblasting after casting process.
3. Jewelry processing technology
The processing process of jewelry can be divided into 4 types: filament technology, solid inlay process, surface treatment process, and inlay process.
(1) Flowing technology: Filament craftsmanship is a craft with metal shape, that is, using different models (thickness) gold or silver to pull into wire or line (gold or silver silk, etc.) The process of making items or crafts through the process of disk, 堆, pile, tiredness, filling, and other processes. Flower crafts have been brilliant in history, but because of their own solidity, low smoothness, many gaps, and not easy to clean, it is rare in the domestic market.
(2) Real inlaid process: The process of making jewelry with sawing, hammer, 锉, pliers and other means is called solid inlay process. The jewelry produced with solid inlaid process is good, bright, clear, clear and smooth, rich in three -dimensional levels, and obvious decorative effects. At present, the starting craftsmanship and hand -creation process in my country's popular wax casting technology are all inlaid.
(3) Surface treatment process: After the jewelry is made, the surface of the jewelry is processed to make it more beautiful. The method of surface treatment is currently:
1) Electroplating process: The electroplating process is to put the jewelry to put the jewelry In the plating solution, under the condition of power, cover the plated jewelry surface with a layer of metal to be plated, such as gold, silver, crickets, nickel, nickel, and copper. The plated jewelry can be metal or non -metal, and the color of the coating metal can also be one or more. When the coating is several different colors, we call this coating as a flower plating.
2) Bao gold and gold technology: The golden foil of gold is a very thin gold foil, using high temperature and certain pressure to wrap the gold foil to the accessories on the jewelry. Gold is also known as mercury mixing method. The golden technology is the characteristics of soluble gold or silver and mercury in a certain proportion of gold or silver to liquid (commonly referred to as gold mud), and applied to the surface of cheap metal, ceramics or other non -metal products surfaces with a certain proportion At a certain temperature, mercury is evaporated by the process of gold or silver attached to the surface of the product.
3) 、 、, grabbing, car flower technology: The flower craftsmanship is a craft of various types of patterns on the jewelry with a variety of knife -shaped knife under the hammer of the small hammer.
The flower grabbing process is a process of carving the shade pattern on the jewelry with the shape of various knife -mouth shapes.
This flower technology is also called milling and flower milling process. It is a process that uses a car knife to get on the jewelry.
4) Polating, silk light, sandblasting process: The polishing process is a process of polishing the jewelry with polishing machine to polish the jewelry, which fully shows the unique gloss and brightness of the jewelry, and increases the texture.
The light process (also known as sand technology) is a method that uses copper wire wheels (or nickel wire wheels) to treat the surface of the jewelry as silk.
The sandblasting process is the method of using the sandblast to spray the surface of the jewelry surface into sand surface after polishing the jewelry.
(4) Inlaid process: The inlay process is actually inlaid in one jewelry material in one jewelry material. Here, it is mainly inlaid in the jewelry's metal materials or its imitation products. For the jewelry of gemstones, all craftsmanship must focus on the theme of highlighting gemstones.
The commonly used inlaid methods for the firm connection between metals and gems are claw set, edging inlaid, forced inlaid, nail inlaid, mixed inlaid, etc.
The claws are suitable for face -to -face gems with large granules. This inlay method is hollowless, obvious, small, small, and convenient processing. Claws include two claws, three claws, four claws and six claws.
The packet inlaid is suitable for inlaid with convex gemstones or casual stones. It is divided into full packs and semi -packets. The grabbing stone is firm, but the packet inlaid requires the stone shape and the inlaid mouth very close, and it is difficult to modify it.
Forced inlaid and nail inlays are mainly used for small gemstones, forced inlaid inlaids for small square stone, while nail inlaid is mainly used for small round stones, including horse -eyed inlays, plum blossoms, plum blossoms, plum blossoms Nail inlaid, etc.
The combination of different inlaid methods on one piece of jewelry is called mixed inlaid.