What is B2 stealth strategic bomber

The B -2 strategic bomber is the product of the Cold War and was developed by the United States Nosharopu as the US Air Force. In 1979, the U.S. Air Force demanded the development of a high -altitude -defense stealth strategic bomber in accordance with strategic considerations to deal with the air defense system that may be deployed in the 1990s. The prototype began in 1981, and in 1989, the prototype was tried to fly. Later, the plan was modified to enable the B -2 bomber to have the ability of high and low altitude penetration to perform dual tasks that can perform nuclear and conventional bombing.
B-2 The development of stealth bombers began in 1978. The procurement plan determined in 1989 includes 1 original machine and 132 combat aircraft (5 of which were modified by prototypes). The total cost reaches $ 60 billion (currency value in 1989), with an average of 450 million per unit.
The initial concept of building a B -2A bomber began in 1975. At that time, the "Advanced Planning Bureau" affiliated to the US Department of Defense came out of a project code -named "Harvey". It was implemented to the Air Force and derived the XST (experiment, stealth, combat) plan. In this plan, the idea of ​​using stealth technology to the aircraft was first proposed. Lockheed, who was full of experience in the development of military aircraft, took the lead in gaining the military development contract, and quickly took out two full -size XST prototypes, which initially proved that the application of stealth technology on the aircraft was feasible. The B-2 stealth bomber in the air
In 1977, the "Cold War" was still over. In order to hidden into the Soviet Union's airspace and find and destroy the Soviet -type intercontinental ballistic ballistic missile launchers and other important strategic goals in depth, the US Air Force proposed to create a new type of strategic bomber, requiring it to avoid each other's strict pairs of right pairs The air radar detection network sneaked into the enemy's depth and completed the task with a success rate of 80 %. To this end, the Air Force plans to produce a "Army Knife Pechor" plan, and includes the application of stealth technology into the specific agenda. As the prototypes submitted by Lockheed's recently, the Air Force handed the contract for the F -117A stealth fighter to the company. With the production and production of stealth fighters, the U.S. Department of Defense and Congress have also begun to accept the concept of "stealth bomber", and officially approved the application report on the development of such aircraft proposed by the Air Force in 1979. The following year, the U.S. Air Force conducted public bidding on the development of the "Advanced Strategic Plane (ASPA)". Subsequently, the U.S. Air Force officially named the development project of the aircraft as "Advanced Technology Bomber (ATB)" -This is the original name of the B -2 stealth strategic bomber.
In the first few years of the 1980s, the design of B -2 has undergone several major changes. For example, in 1984, the design of the main wing of the aircraft was made major changes, because the Air Force not only required the aircraft to enter from high altitude, but also to be able to high -altitude abduction, which brought about improving the lift of the aircraft, enhancing the strength of the mechanical structure, and further further Reduce a series of problems such as its radar reflection section, so that the design of the aircraft can only be shaped after years.
On April 20, 1988, the U.S. Air Force first demonstrated a hand -painted color picture of the B -2 aircraft. Alas. On November 22 of the same year, the B -2 prototype bomber with AV -1 finally "burst out" and became a monster for the American public to see each other. Military publications in various countries in the world also reported to it Essence But since then, B -2 has disappeared again for several years. During this period, it experienced many secret test flights and strict inspection by the military. Manufacturers had to be continuously designed and modified in accordance with the various opinions and various demands put forward by the Air Force. Five years later, on December 17, 1993, the US Air Force finally launched the first B -2A aircraft.
On April 2, 1997, the first six B -2A stealth bomber officially served in the US Air Force, and the other 15 will also be delivered to the troops as planned as planned.
The first branch of the Equipment B-2 stealth bomber is the 393th squadron of the 509th bomber federation. It has been equipped with 8 20 batches of aircraft and has preliminary combat capabilities.
B-2 bomber was originally designed as a nuclear weapon carrier aircraft, and its basic weapons are B83 and B61 nuclear bombs. The maximum load is 22700kg (50000LB). You can also mount various weapons such as close -range attack missiles, GPS auxiliary guidance bombs, joint direct attack ammunition, joint defense zone attack missiles, and MK82 and other conventional bombs.
The actual combat application
In June 12, 1997, during the combat trials conducted in the Baizha missile shooting range in New Mexico, the B-2 bombers put 16 JDAM guidance bombs at a time. 16 bombs each target the target group. The target group includes 8 targets in 2 regions, and 2 JDAM bombs attacked one target. The comprehensive combat effectiveness of the B-2
B-2 stealth bomber during flight is high. Using the characteristics of its own invisibility, it usually does not need to escort and suppress the opponent's anti-air defense system when performing combat tasks. The U.S. Air Force estimates that if the mission to perform two B-2 bombers is performed using the non-hidden combat aircraft, 32 F-16 fighters and 16 F-15s that escape for them, several EF-EF-for suppressing the opponent's air defense system 111 and EA-6B and 15 KC-135 tankers.
The power device's F118-GE-110 non-intensive turbofan engine of Four Universal Electric Company has a single maximum thrust of 84.5 thousand cows. The pair is installed between the outer side of the weapon cabin and the wing structure, and the chlorofluorosulfuric acid is mixed in the tail gas to eliminate the visual traces of the engine.
In March 24, 1999, NATO used the B -2 strategic bomber for the first time in the air strike against the South League, so that this aircraft was used for actual combat for the first time.
On February 23, 2008, a U.S. B -2 strategic bomber crashed in the Guam Air Force Base. There are 20 more. The unit price of B -2 bombers is as high as 2.22 billion US dollars, which is the most expensive aircraft in the world so far.
The design structure
B -2 bombers use wing -body fusion and tailless flying wing structure. A large number of fuselage wings are made of graphite / carbon fiber composite materials and honeycomb structures. The surface has suction coating, and the spray port of the generator is placed above the wing. This unique shape design and materials can effectively avoid radar detection and achieve good invisible effects. There are three combat tasks in the B -2 bomber: one is not to be found to go deep into the enemy's hinterland, and the bomb or launching missiles are highly accurate to make the weapon system have the highest efficiency; the second is to detect, discover and destroy the mobile goals; strength. The U.S. Air Force threatened that the B -2 bombing capacity was taken off by the United States within a few hours after receiving the order to attack any region in the world.
models and related data
B -2 bombers are divided into three models.
"Brock 10" type, up to 16 B -83 nuclear bombs and 16 MK84 conventional bombs, the cruise speed is 0.8 Mach, a lifting limit of 19,240 meters, a voyage of 11675 kilometers. More than 18,500 kilometers;
"Brock 20" type, up to 16 B -61 nuclear bombs, the ability to attack the missiles outside the air defense zone, can also carry 36 bundle bombs and 16 global positioning The system (GPS) auxiliary guidance has the ability to automatically complete the flight mission;
"Brock 30" type, up to 80 MK80 bombs, 36 M117 bombs, 80 MK62 bombs, 161, 16 A joint attack bomb can also carry 8 air defense zones to attack missiles, which has the ability to fully automatically complete the flight task.
weapons and equipment
two weapon cabins can be equipped with Boeing's rotating missile launchers, a total of 16 AGM-129 advanced cruise missiles or 16 B61/B83 nuclear bombs, 80 227 kg MK82 MK82 Bomb, 16 joint attack weapons, 16 908 kg MK84 bombs, 36 M117 combustion bombs, 36 CBU-87/89/97/98 bombs, etc.
The size data is 21.03 meters, the machine height is 5.18 meters, the wingspan is 52.43 meters, and the corner of the wing is 33 degrees.
The weight of the weight and load is 45360-49900 kg, the maximum weapon load is 22680 kg, the maximum fuel volume in the machine is 81650-90720 kg, the normal take-off weight is 152635 kg, and the maximum take-off weight is 168433 kg.
The performance data entry speed is 259 kilometers/h, a practical lifting limit is 15240 meters, the range (air refueling once) is greater than 18530 kilometers. 16919 kg), (height-high-high) 11667 kilometers, (height-low-high) 8149 kilometers, combat range (8 close attack missiles, 8 B61 bombs, weapons weighing 10886 kg, take-off weight 16238666 Kilograms), (high-high-high) 12223 kilometers, (height-low-height) 8334 kilometers
basic data
In stealth B-2A bomber passenger, the body is 21.03 meters long , 5.18 meters high, 52.43 meters in the wing exhibition, and a maximum load of 22680 kg. There are 4 F118 -GE -GE -110 -type non -intensive turbofan engines produced by U.S. Power Company. When the aircraft does not refuel in the air, the battle range can reach 12,231 kilometers, and the air refueling can reach 18530 kilometers once. The air flight time for each task is generally not less than 10 hours. The US Air Force claims that it has the ability to "reach the world" and "global destruction". The B -2A collection of various high -precision technology is one of the high -precision technologies, and because of its outstanding stealth performance, it is hailed as "a milestone in the history of the development of military aircraft in this century." According to reports, the B -52 bomber's radar reflection section is 1,000 square meters, MiG -29 is 25 square meters, B -LB is less than L square meters, while B -2A is less than 0.1 square meters, which is only equivalent to just equivalent A rangal radar reflection section in the sky makes it difficult for ordinary radars to find it. So, where does this stealth technique come from?
b -2's stealth performance comes from its appearance first. The overall shape of B -2A is smooth and smooth, without "wrinkles", and it is not easy to reflect radar waves. The cockpit is arc -shaped, and the radar waves that are irradiated here will "crawl" in shape without being reflected. The sealing glass cabin cover is a slope, and all glass is mixed with metal powder during manufacturing, making the radar wave unable to penetrate the cabin, causing a mansion. The wing is 33 degrees behind the wing, which makes the radar waves incident in the top and bottom cannot reflect or reflect the direction of the radar. At the rear of the cover of the wing, there is an irregular hive -like cave, which can absorb radar waves. The second half of the wing can make the detection radar wave from behind the plane cannot reflect back. And B -2A has no vertical tail, which greatly reduces the overall radar reflection section of the aircraft. There is no weapon cabin or weapon hanging rack under the body, and even the engine compartment and landing rack cabin are all buried under the smooth wing, which avoids the radar wave reflection. The entire fuselage of the B -2 aircraft, except for the main beam and the engine cabin using titanium composite materials, the other parts are composed of composite materials such as carbon fiber and graphite, which is not easy to reflect radar waves. In addition, these different composite materials parts do not fit up by rivets, but are cast by high -pressure die. In addition, the front edge of the wing is all covered with a layer of special suction material (RAM). Two square protruding parts located in the front of the wing and the interior radar scan antenna array also uses special suction materials. In addition, the entire body of the B -2A is sprayed with special suction paint, which largely reduces the echo of enemy detection radar to a large extent.
In order to stealth need, the air intake of the B -2A aircraft was placed above the wing and presented S -shaped, allowing the exploration radar of the incident to reflect many times, and it was naturally attenuated. Essence The nozzle of the engine was deeply placed in the wing and became honeycomb -shaped, so that radar waves could not be available. In addition, the engine parts are also equipped with airflow mixtures, which can import the cold air flowing through the surface of the wing to the engine and continuously reduce the temperature of the outdoor layer of the engine. The nozzle part is wide and flat, so that people cannot see the spray mouth behind the plane. Especially due to the use of the spray temperature adjustment technology, the infrared exposure signal of the nozzle part is greatly reduced, and the stealth performance of the aircraft is greatly enhanced.
Meiler system
The main airborne equipment Houz's AN/APQ-181 low-interceptor J-band attack radar (with 21 use modes such as the terrain followed), with GPS auxiliary functions The aiming system, TCN-250 tower system, VIR-130A automatic landing system, AN/APR-50 radar alarm receiver, ZSR-63 defense auxiliary equipment, etc. There are many advanced airborne electronic systems on the B -2A aircraft, such as detection, navigation, aiming, electronic confrontation and other systems. They each perform their duties and have extraordinary functions. As far as detection of radar system is concerned, it usually plays a "eye" role. The AN / APQ -181 radar is used on B -2A, which is made for Hughes. It has the advantages of narrow spectrum and not easy to be intercepted by signals. This electronic scanning phase -control array system has two radar antenna arrays in which is characterized by no need to rotate or swing antennas. Only through the change and combination of signal arrays Scan. Its operating frequency is 12-18GHz, the side wave petals are extremely small, and the ability to resist electronic interference is strong. There are 21 types of working mode, the most prominent of which is the working mode of the synthetic aperture radar and the inverted pore diameter radar mode. The former is mainly used to scan land and landforms, which can clearly obtain a radar scanning image of 161 kilometers from the mainland watch for aircraft to use the ground target bombing; the latter is mainly used to identify and capture the maritime goals. Up to 128 kilometers. In addition, these working modes can also allow the B -2A bomber to use terrain matching and terrain avoidance technology, so that they can stickers at low altitudes into the enemy airspace to perform bombing tasks.
B -2A is also equipped with an advanced NSS navigation system. There are two types of navigation equipment installed in this system, one is an inertial navigation unit, and the other is the NAS -27 astronomical navigation unit. They can provide advanced automatic navigation and the most commonly used constellation navigation methods for B -2A to ensure flight safety.
The target target sighting system uses the global positioning auxiliary aiming system. It can lock the selected target and zoom in 4 times, which greatly facilitates the unit of the crew's identification and aiming of the target, which greatly improves the bomb of the bomb. Hitting accuracy. According to the United States, with the help of this positioning assistant aiming system, the error of the bomb hit the target is usually less than 6 meters.
B -2A also has an APQ -50 electronic confrontation system. The system can provide radar warnings for aircraft, but also quickly detects the orientation coordinates of enemy radar. The ZSR -62 active electron confrontation system on the aircraft can interfere and suppress the enemy quickly and proactively.
The other electronic systems on the aircraft, such as the communication management system and various display systems in the cockpit. Use when contacting related departments on the ground. In front of the seats of the two units, there are 4 full -color multi -functional display of 15.2 cm of 15.2 cm each, which shows the situation at a glance.
Themole capacity
B -2A bombing function carries 16 AGM -129 cruise missiles, or 80 MK82 or 16 MK84 ordinary bombs or 36 CBU -87 bundle bombs, use The new TSSM remote attack ammunition has 16 bullets. When a nuclear weapon is used, 16 B63 nuclear bombs can be carried. In addition, AGM -129 cruise missiles can also be equipped with nuclear warheads.
The U.S. Air Force has calculated the bombing capabilities of B -2A based on the actual situation of the Gulf War. Taking the "attack special team" often used in the U.S. military target bombing mission as an example, it is usually by 16 attack aircraft with precise guidance bombs, 16 fighter aircraft, 4 accompanied by electronic jammers, and 8 are used in 8 sheets. The ground attack aircraft and 7 KC -135 tankers that suppress the ground anti -aircraft artillery fire. The bombing effect of these 49 aircraft can be achieved with 8 F -117A plus 2 KC -135 tankers. If you switch to B -2A, take off from the Daggaria base from the Indian Ocean. There is no need to refuel in the air. Only 2 planes and 4 crew members are required.
In in the future, as the U.S. military jointly attacks the ammunition weapon system, the B -2A aircraft may also carry this weapon. At that time, the B -2A only needed to fosen this weapon from a long distance, and it can be returned to flight, or the next task is performed, because the JDAM weapon itself with the last explosor in the United States. focus. Once upon a time, the reporters preached the name of the "ultimate weapon" to it; in recent years, it has also spoiled it, calling it "expensive high -tech toys." However, no matter whether it is good or nostalgic, an undeniable fact is: B -2A is good, but the price is expensive.
In 1978, when the manufacturer won the development of the B -2 contract, the offer of 132 aircraft was $ 36.6 billion. By 1984, the total quotation of the manufacturer was lifted to $ 42.5 billion, which forced the US Air Force to reduce the number of ordering. In 1987, the U.S. Air Force decided to buy only 75, but it will still pay $ 35 billion.
In 1993, when the US Congress determined only to purchase only 20 B -2A, the development fee of the Air Force prepaid and the manufacturer's construction costs had reached 44.4 billion U.S. dollars. In this way, even if the development cost is deducted, the cost of each aircraft is 840 million US dollars. In 1995, according to the final contract, the manufacturer created 20 B -2As at the production speed of 3 aircraft each year, and each aircraft was about $ 600 million. Even so, if the development cost is added, the cost of buying a B -2A will exceed $ 2 billion!
In another important reason for the expensive cost of B -2 is the difficulty of maintaining maintenance. A few years ago, when the B -2A was just equipped with the army, the maintenance task was basically completed by the technicians of major companies. The maintenance time for each flight hour was 132 hours. After each flight task is completed, the high -speed airflow will cause wear to the surface of the body. In order to ensure that the stealth performance of the aircraft does not decrease, every time the flight, the technicians must use a similar method to renovate the radar suction material of the B -2A surface. The new spraying material is only at a certain temperature at a certain temperature Only in humidity can dry and curing. Due to lack of sufficient accessories and perfect maintenance equipment, B -2A has been unable to deploy at overseas bases. This is an unbearable shortage for the U.S. military that deployed the battle around the world. Although the U.S. military has used force overseas since the B -2A equipment forces, the B -2A has not appeared in the battlefield.
The high cost, complex maintenance and maintenance make any countries outside the United States not interested in it. Even if the production line of B -2 has been closed, the B -2's production line has been closed, and 90 % of the more than 4,000 suppliers who provide accessories B -2 have changed the production line for it; The commander Thomas Goslin Jun will also have to admit that there will be no B -3 or B -4 in the next 20 years. Perhaps 30 years later, people will find that B -2 is only a brilliant afterglow in the history of the development of bombers.
Power device
4 F118 -GE -100 without force turbofan engine of General Electric Company, a single thrust of 84.5 thousand cows (8620 kg), the air intake tract is S -shaped, V -shaped tail pipe In the upper part of the wing, this is a special structure adopted for stealth.
This pair is installed between the outer side and wing structure of the weapon cabin, and chlorofluorosaic acid is mixed in the tail gas to eliminate the engine's visual traces.
The actual performance
B-2 participated in three wars after serving. On March 24, 1999, two B-2 took off from the Whiteman Air Force Base. After 30 hours of continuous flight and two air refueling, 32 908 kg combined direct attack ammunition was put on the goal of the South Alliance. -2 The bombers participated in actual combat for the first time. Throughout the Kosovo war, six B-2 flights were flying in 45, and 656 joint direct attack ammunition was put on the important goals of the South Alliance. , The bomb volume reached 11%of the total bomb volume. It destroyed nearly 33%of the goal of nearly 33%of the South Alliance.
During the Afghanistan war, in the first three days of the war, a total of 6 B-2 took off from the native, via the Pacific, Southeast Asia, and Indian Ocean, and then landed on Di Island after the implementation of Afghanistan. New record of 44 hours, and threw 96 united direct attack ammunition.
During the Iraq war, the B-2 machine dispatched a total of 49 times. Among them, 27 were taken off and landing bases with local Whiteman, flying over the Atlantic routes, and carried out long -range running attacks. The flight time was about 35 hours. The other 22 were based on a cutting -edge base as the take -off and landing base to accurately crack down on Iraq's command, control, communication and other facilities.

b-2 Construction list
b2 can refuel in the air
b2 air tanker overlooking angle
Middle
AV-282-1067 Arizona Ghost In service
AV-382-1068 New York Ghost Inits
AV-482-1069 Indian Ghost Number
AV-582-1070 Ohio and Ohio Ghost In service
AV-682-1071 Mississippi Ghost Inits
AV-788-0328 Texas Ghost Inits
AV-888-0329 Missouri Ghost Inits
av-988- 0330 California Ghosts Inits
AV-1088-0331 South Card Ghosts Inits
AV-1188-0332 Washington Ghosts In service
av-1289-0127 Cracks crash
av-1389-0128 Nebraska Ghost Inits
AV-1489-0129 George Asian Ghost Inits
av-1590-0040 1690-0041 Hawaii Ghosts Inits
AV-1792-0700 Florida Ghost Inits
AV-1893-1085 Oklahma Ghosts in Oklahma Middle
av-2093-1087 Pennsylvania Ghost Inits
AV-2193-1088 Louisiana Ghosts in Louisana
av-22 -AV-165

B2 is a strategic bomber developed by the Nosroap company for the US Air Force. It is the first invisible bomber in the world. Using the most familiar flying wing structure and various stealth technologies of Nosropp can hide the important goals behind the enemy, but his cost is too high (the unit price is 2.4 billion US dollars, which is more expensive than the DDG51 Aegis destroyer and the Virginia -class attack nuclear submarine. The original plan was to manufacture 132, and only 21 were eventually built). It cannot be equipped with a large number of troops, and it cannot fly rapidly. There is no self -defense capabilities. Once the enemy is discovered, it is easy to be attacked by enemy fighters. It has a large deterrent ability to the enemy, but if it uses conventional weapons, its role is very limited (its load capacity is much smaller than B1B, B52, and Figure 160). Its way of use in conventional wars needs to be improved. Because it has no self -defense capabilities, it is necessary to escort the fighter, but this requires it to maintain a communication with the fighter. It is currently limited to harassing or beheading operations on the low threat airspace of air control in the air control. In the eyes of the designer, this is a perfect fighter, but it is not suitable for use in battle.

The latest stealth bomber in the United States, but cannot fly speed, without self -defense weapons, and need to navigate. It was the product of the Cold War. It was developed in order to compete for the Soviet Union. It can be said that it is the best bomber in the world, but the price is amazing (more than 2 billion US dollars, which is equivalent to the military funding of a small country for one year).